{"id":686,"date":"2026-05-14T22:17:51","date_gmt":"2026-05-14T14:17:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/3.canyin.cc\/archives\/686"},"modified":"2026-05-14T22:17:51","modified_gmt":"2026-05-14T14:17:51","slug":"%e6%98%a5%e9%a3%8e%e5%92%8c%e5%a4%8f%e8%af%ad-%e9%87%91%e8%9e%8d%e7%9b%91%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86%e8%ae%ba%e7%9a%84%e6%bc%94%e5%8f%98%e5%a4%8f%e7%ba%af-%e8%af%ba%e4%ba%9a%e6%8e%a7%e8%82%a1%e9%a6%96%e5%b8%ad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.xmtcb.com\/sy\/archives\/686","title":{"rendered":"\u6625\u98ce\u548c\u590f\u8bed\/\u91d1\u878d\u76d1\u7ba1\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u590f\u7eaf \u8bfa\u4e9a\u63a7\u80a1\u9996\u5e2d\u7ecf\u6d4e"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\n<\/p>\n

\n\u56fe\u7247\uff1a1929\u5e74\u30012000\u5e74\u30012008\u5e74\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u91d1\u878d\u4e1a\u90fd\u8fce\u6765\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u6cd5\u6848\u3002\u56fe\u4e3a2008\u5e749\u670815\u65e5\uff0c\u96f7\u66fc\u5144\u5f1f\u5ba3\u5e03\u7533\u8bf7\u7834\u4ea7\u4fdd\u62a4\n<\/p>\n

\n\u9a6c\u4e91\u5173\u4e8e\u91d1\u878d\u76d1\u7ba1\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c\u5728\u8682\u8681\u96c6\u56e2\u5373\u5c06\u4ee5\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u65b0\u80a1\u52df\u96c6\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u201ca\u80a1h\u80a1\u201d\u4e0a\u5e02\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u6380\u8d77\u4e86\u6570\u5343\u6ce2\u6ce2\u6f9c\u3002\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u6587\u7ae0\u6df1\u5165\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u8682\u8681\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u5229\u6da6\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u7ae0\u5e76\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u91d1\u878d\u76d1\u7ba1\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u6211\u5728\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u4e66\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5bf9\u76d1\u7ba1\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u91d1\u878d\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u51e0\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u6df1\u523b\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u91d1\u878d\u5b9e\u8df5\u3001\u521b\u65b0\u548c\u76d1\u7ba1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e0e\u7406\u8bba\u53d1\u5c55\u6ede\u540e\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0e\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5584\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u76db\u884c\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u8bef\u5bfc\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u963f\u745f\u5e87\u53e4\u4e8e1938\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u76d1\u7ba1\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u5784\u65ad\u6216\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5916\u90e8\u6027\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u6216\u4ea7\u51fa\u626d\u66f2\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5e02\u573a\u8fd9\u53ea\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u7684\u624b\u6240\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u51fa\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5584\u610f\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u4f38\u51fa\u201c\u63f4\u624b\u201d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7a0e\u6536\u6216\u8865\u8d34\u3001\u76d1\u7ba1\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u77eb\u6b63\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u76d1\u7ba1\u7406\u8bba\uff1a\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u201c\u63f4\u624b\u201d\n<\/p>\n

\n\u8fd9\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u201c\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u201d\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u7406\u5ff5\u8fc5\u901f\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u76d1\u7ba1\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89d2\u843d\u3002\u5728\u91d1\u878d\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u6c42\u65b0\u80a1\u53d1\u884c\u4f01\u4e1a\u8fdb\u884c\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u62ab\u9732\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u6c42\u5458\u5de5\u83b7\u5f97\u8d44\u683c\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u4eba\u8033\u719f\u80fd\u8be6\u7684\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5b66\u6d3e\u8bde\u751f\u4e86\uff0c\u201c\u76d1\u7ba1\u8d8a\u5c11\u8d8a\u597d\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u7f57\u7eb3\u5fb7\u79d1\u65af\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5951\u7ea6\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u626d\u66f2\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u4ea7\u6743\u548c\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7b7e\u8ba2\u5408\u540c\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u548c\u76d1\u7763\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u51e0\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5408\u540c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0d\u4e86\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u4e5f\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u79d1\u65af\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6cd5\u5b98\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u3001\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u3001\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u65e0\u6570\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe\u5e76\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\u9999\u6e2f\u4eba\u6700\u719f\u6089\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u7c73\u5c14\u987f\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u66fc(Milton Friedman)\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u8863\u98df\u4f4f\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u8d28\u91cf\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u4f1a\u81ea\u5df1\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u8fbe\u4e0d\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u81ea\u7136\u4f1a\u88ab\u5e02\u573a\u6dd8\u6c70\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b66\u4e60\u53d8\u5f97\u6781\u5176\u806a\u660e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u505a\u51fa\u7406\u6027\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u957f\u671f\u88ab\u5e02\u573a\u8bef\u5bfc\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u4e86\u56fd\u9632\u6216\u8005\u516c\u5171\u79e9\u5e8f\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5b66\u6d3e\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u4ee3\u8868\u52a0\u91cc\u8d1d\u514b\u5c14\u751a\u81f3\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5668\u5b98\u79fb\u690d\u5e02\u573a\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u53d7\u5230\u76d1\u7ba1\u3002\u53ef\u60dc\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4e86\u5355\u9760\u5e02\u573a\u673a\u5236\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u9ed1\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u8361\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u5e03\u574e\u5357\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u5584\u826f\u7684\uff0c\u5b98\u5458\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u79c1\u5229\u3002\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f38\u51fa\u201c\u63a0\u593a\u4e4b\u624b\u201d\u3002\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u4e54\u6cbb\u65af\u8482\u683c\u52d2(George Stigler)\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c\u76d1\u7ba1\u4fd8\u83b7\u201d\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5373\u88ab\u76d1\u7ba1\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u5229\u76ca\u8d3f\u8d42\u3001\u8150\u8680\u76d1\u7ba1\u5c42\uff1b\u76d1\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u4e5f\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u65cb\u8f6c\u95e8\u201d\u7b49\u8003\u8651\u653e\u677e\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u9650\u5236\u6f5c\u5728\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u8fdb\u5165\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5b98\u5458\u88ab\u201c\u4fd8\u864f\u201d\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u516c\u4f17\u65e0\u6cd5\u76d1\u7763\u5b98\u5458\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\u5728\u5176\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u56f0\u96be\u65f6\uff0c\u76d1\u7ba1\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u653e\u677e\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\u7206\u53d1\u4e11\u95fb\u65f6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5229\u6da6\u8fc7\u591a\u65f6\uff0c\u76d1\u7ba1\u5c31\u4f1a\u52a0\u5f3a\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u76d1\u7ba1\u7406\u8bba\uff1a\u76d1\u7ba1\u8d8a\u5c11\u8d8a\u597d\n<\/p>\n

\n\u91d1\u878d\u9886\u57df\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u3002\u57281929\u5e74\u30012000\u5e74\u548c2008\u5e74\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u91d1\u878d\u4e1a\n<\/p>\n

\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u76d1\u7763\u7406\u8bba\u5f62\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u653f\u5e9c\u76d1\u7763\u201d\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6d2a\u6c34\u731b\u517d\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5145\u6ee1\u8d1f\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\u771f\u6b63\u6539\u53d8\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5b66\u6d3e\u770b\u6cd5\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u6b21\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u4eba\u4eba\u7406\u6027\u201d\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u5728\u91d1\u878d\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u7684\u65e0\u77e5\u3001\u51b2\u52a8\u548c\u60c5\u7eea\u6765\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u76d1\u7ba1\uff0c\u91d1\u878d\u98ce\u9669\u4f1a\u79ef\u7d2f\u5230\u7206\u53d1\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u8457\u540d\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5f20\u653e\u677e\u7ba1\u5236\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5efa\u8bae\u91d1\u878d\u4ece\u4e1a\u8005\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002\u201c\u9010\u5e95\u7ade\u4e89\u201d\u3001\u201c\u52a3\u5e01\u9a71\u9010\u826f\u5e01\u201d\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u4e0d\u65ad\u4e0a\u6f14\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\u591a\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u601d\u8def\u4e3b\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u201c\u5148\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u540e\u76d1\u7ba1\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6478\u7740\u77f3\u5934\u8fc7\u6cb3\u201d\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u4e0a\u3002\u6559\u8bad\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e0d\u8db3\u548c\u201c\u76d1\u7ba1\u8d8a\u5c11\u8d8a\u597d\u201d\u7684\u8bef\u5bfc\u601d\u60f3\u30022016\u5e74\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u8ddf\u968f\u603b\u5de5\u4f1a\u8d74\u5317\u4eac\u4e0e\u91d1\u878d\u76d1\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u89c1\u9762\u3002\u5f53\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u95ee\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u501f\u9274\u5185\u5730\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u91d1\u878d\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u60ca\u8bb6\u3002\u9ad8\u5b98\u8bf4\u4f60\u770b\u5230\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u6210\u7ee9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u95ee\u9898\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\u5f53\u5904\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u3001\u4fe1\u7528\u8bc4\u4f30\u7b49\u91d1\u878d\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6\uff0c\u201c\u76d1\u7ba1\u8d8a\u5c11\u8d8a\u597d\u201d\u7684\u547c\u58f0\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002\u4f46\u522b\u5fd8\u4e86\uff0c\u57282008\u5e74\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u7206\u53d1\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4fe1\u7528\u8bc4\u7ea7\u516c\u53f8\u4e5f\u58f0\u79f0\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u5c16\u7aef\u7684\u8bc4\u7ea7\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u652f\u6301\u503a\u5238\u8fdb\u884c\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u8bc4\u7ea7\u548c\u5b9a\u4ef7\u3002\u98ce\u9669\u6269\u6563\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u516c\u5f0f\u5145\u6ee1\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\n<\/p>\n

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